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IL1B
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as '"leukocytic pyrogen"', "'leukocytic endogenous mediator'", "'mononuclear cell factor'", "'lymphocyte activating factor'" and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IL1B'' gene.〔"Catabolin" is the name given by Jeremy Saklatvala for IL-1 alpha. 〕 There are two genes for Interleukin-1 (IL-1): IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta (this gene). IL-1β precursor is cleaved by cytosolic caspase 1 (interleukin 1 beta convertase) to form mature IL-1β.
== Function ==
The fever-producing property of human leukocytic pyrogen (Interleukin 1) was purified by Dinarello in 1977 (PNAS) with a specific activity of 10-20 nanograms/kg. In 1979, Dinarello reported that purified human leukocytic pyrogen was the same molecule that was described by Igal Gery in 1972. He named it lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) because it was a lymphocyte mitogen. It was not until 1984 that interleukin 1 was discovered to consist of two distinct proteins, now called interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta.〔
IL-1β is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3553 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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